Heating and Cooling Systems Can be Efficient

Heating and Cooling Systems

Most households shell out 50 to 70 percent of their energy budgets on heating and cooling. Fossil fuels still dominate for these tasks, but natural gas burns cleaner than oil, which burns cleaner than coal. Electric heat is inefficient for most applications, and burning whole wood produces polluting smoke that contributes to smog and can endanger those with asthma and allergies.

Heating and cooling equipment is important as well as expensive to run, so it pays to take good care of it: Perform visual inspections and regular maintenance on your systems. Change filters as needed, up to once a month during peak seasons. Save time, cut down on waste, and breathe cleaner air by using an electronic furnace filter instead of the common throwaway fiberglass screens. The filters in electronic (electrostatic) models are permanent, washable, and easy to install and clean. To improve indoor air quality, add a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter to your HVAC system (but first make sure your blower is strong enough to service the house). HEPA filters block 99.97 percent of the particles that cause breathing problems. Beware of imitators, often advertised as “HEPA-like filters,” which are much less effective.

Air ducts aren’t just handy escape passages for spies or criminals. According to the US Department of Energy, 10 to 30 percent of conditioned air in an average system escapes from ducts. Sealing ducts can save the average home up to $140 annually—and reduce problems with mold and dust. So examine your ductwork for dirt streaks, which indicate leaks. Small problems can be patched with duct tape or a bit of insulation. If your ducts look very dirty or worn, contain mold growth, are infested with rodents or insects, or are actually clogged, call in professional help for thorough cleaning or replacement. Some utilities may offer incentive programs to help with the costs of repairs.

Cautions: Most HVAC systems don’t need commercial duct cleaning services as a matter of routine. Cursory cleanings often don’t improve performance or indoor air quality and can make problems worse. Also, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not certify cleaners, contrary to some advertising claims. The National Air Duct Cleaners Association can provide advice and assistance in locating a reputable provider.

Central air-conditioning is technically more efficient than window units at cooling, but judicious use of room units can result in lower energy expenditures overall. If your house has central air conditioning, check the coils both inside (usually in the basement) and outside. If they show dirt, carefully vacuum it off. Schedule an annual HVAC system inspection by qualified pros. Many utilities offer this service free or at a low rate. Some HVAC manufacturers may provide inspections, depending on your sale agreement.

Finally, consider professional installation of an advanced home energy monitoring and control system that integrates lighting, audio, home theater, security, and HVAC systems. That can provide maximum control over total energy use.